Next generation turbofan engine

It is always a desire of an aerospace engineer to design an engine free of noise,eco-friendly and fuel-efficient and now the scientists and engineers seems to have sort out the solution to this much awaited design.Companies like Pratt and Whitney and Boeing are always there to extensively support the progress of such design. Design a next generation geared turbofan engine which would meet the above features.It successfully completed its first phase in the testing.

Pratt and Whitney released the engine's current progress:


The PurePower PW1000G engine is an all new center-line engine that includes next generation technology in every major module. Pratt & Whitney targets double-digit reductions in fuel burn, environmental emissions, engine noise and operating costs, using a gear system that allows the engine's fan to operate at a different speed than the low-pressure compressor and turbine .Pratt & Whitney's PurePower PW1000G demonstration engine has completed the first phase of flight testing on a company-owned 747SP flying test bed.

The PW1000G engine completed 12 flights and ran approximately 43 hours with tests focused on engine performance and operability. .

"The PurePower PW1000G engine continues to perform flawlessly and has accumulated a total of 306 hours of ground and flight testing to date," said Bob Saia, Pratt & Whitney vice president, Next Generation Product Family. "The first phase of our flight test program included full power takeoffs, in-flight performance up to 40,000 feet altitude, engine operability including in-flight starting, and engine operation at extreme aircraft maneuvers. The PW1000G engine's performance has met all of our pre-flight performance targets."

The PurePower PW1000G demonstrator engine, with Pratt & Whitney's patented Geared Turbofan technology, completed a 250-hour ground test program in May. The ground test program follows thousands of hours of development testing accumulated on 16 technology rigs at Pratt & Whitney and partner facilities around the world.

"We now look forward to testing the PW1000G engine on the Airbus A340 flight test aircraft," Saia said. "This second phase of testing, which will include approximately 75 flight hours, will focus on engine performance and acoustic testing while providing valuable installation and operating data."

Airbus will be the first aircraft manufacturer to fly the PurePower PW1000G demonstrator engine on their own flight test aircraft.

Source:www.aero-news.net
flight global magazine
links:http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?ContentBlockID=bd12f36e-1622-40d3-9794-76c370bdcd95

spaceships travelling faster than light?

I was shocked when i saw the news in "The Times of India" dated 18-08-08 showing that "Scientists to shatter 'light barrier'.I think that these scientists took the saying "nothing is impossible" so seriously that they made Einstein wrong who said that nothing can travel at a speed greater than light.Being an audience of the star trek for less than 10 episodes, i have known a little about the warp drive and the bubble which the scientists believe would help them to succeed this feat.While i was in a state of mind that the reaction between the matter and anti matter would led to enormous energy which helps to propell at a speed atleast nearer to the speed of light.But these scientists made me feel sick that there is much more than that.

They support their arguments with the following reasonings

A starship could "warp" space so that it shrinks ahead of the vessel and expands behind it. By pushing the departure point many light years backwards while simultaneously bringing distant stars and other destinations closer, the warp drive effectively transports the starship from place to place at faster-than-light speeds. According to the physicists, scientists would require to harness a mysterious and poorly understood cosmic antigravity force, called dark energy.

The dark energy is believed to be responsible for speeding up the expansion rate of the universe as time moves on, just like it did after the Big Bang, when the universe expanded much faster than the speed of light for a very brief time. According to relativity theory, matter cannot move through space faster than the speed of light, which is almost 300,000,000 metres per second. But that theory applies only to unwarped "flat" space. There is no limit on the speed with which space itself can move: the spaceship can sit at rest in a small bubble of space that flows at "superluminal" - faster than light - velocities through normal space because the fabric of space and time itself (scientists refer to spacetime) is stretching.

According to Cleaver dark energy would be used to create the bubble: if dark energy can be made negative in front of the ship, then that patch of space would contract in response. "Think of it like a surfer riding a wave," the Telegraph quoted Cleaver, as saying. "The ship would be pushed by the spatial bubble and the bubble would be travelling faster than the speed of light," he added.

What is a warp drive?

It is a fictitious propelling source which would propel an object at a number of multiples of speed of light,according to tv series star trek.

But the big question is here.Can we create a warp bubble?Yet there is no exact solution to the einstein field equation to create a space time model which can define warp speed.Can our scientist create a space ship which can sustain such an enormous energy, in the first place, to let it move at a light speed? If this feat is accomplished successfully then this might stand as the greatest miracle of all times which would lead to find out the reason behind the evolution of this universe ,man's greatest dream.

honeywell job recruitment

greetings!!!

This is regarding the job opening with Honeywell,Bangalore
for CFD Professionals!!!
Skills Required:

1.M.Tech. in Aerospace/ Mechanical Engineering degree
2.Three 3 years of engineering experience with Turbomachinery
3.Aerodynamics and exposure to Engineering Tool Development
4.Significant technical background with experience in
turbomachinery aerodynamics, Computational Fluid Dynamics
5.CFD analysis skills using software such as CFX/ FLUENT,
6.Mesh generation skills using either ICEM or GAMBIT (ICEM
HEXA/TETRA preferred)
7.Strong scientific programming skills in C/ FORTAN
8.Excellent written, oral communication and presentation
skills
9.Self-starter with strong customer focus
10.Strong team player who is able to motivate and lead other
team members
11.Ability to build and sustain collaborative relationships
with customers
12.Ability to learn quickly and a desire to broaden skills and
experience


The event is going to happen on 23 rd of this month. Send
your profiles ASAP. to the following


Sangeetha.
Sonyo Consultants,
bangalore.
Ph: 25630374/75/80
Email: sangeetha@sonyocareers.com

fibre optic wing shape sensor system

NASA evaluates a new sensor technology which actively control the wing shape during flight and displays the shape in the cockpit.The system also has the potential to improve aircraft safety, measuring strain,by monitoring the aircraft structure. which is currently being done by strain guages Presently research is going on and tests are being conducted over the IKHANA ,an unmanned aircraft at Dryden flight research center , NASA.This helps to monitor the shape of the aircraft wing while it is in flight. due to the light weight of these optic fibres,helping in all ways to increase the aircraft efficiency,whether it comes to fuel efficiency or design optimization.These fibres effectively reduce the laboratory cost as they do the work during the flight itself.Researchers quite happy with the present advanced technology and ensure that the generations of the aircrafts and spacecrafts would benefit from the work.

"Active wing-shape control represents the gleam in the eye of every aerodynamicist," Lance Richards,, Dryden's Advanced Structures and Measurement group lead. said. "If the shape of the wing can be changed in flight, then the efficiency and performance of the aircraft can be improved, from takeoff and landing to cruising and maneuvering.

If hair-like fibers when located on the surface of wings provides more than 2000 strain measurements in real time. This was proved by placing them on the ikhana wing.With a combined weight of less than two pounds, the fibers are so small that they have no significant effects on aerodynamics.The sensors,with considerable weight reduction, eventually could be
embedded within composite wings in future aircraft.

"Another safety-related benefit of the lightweight fiber optic sensors is that thousands of sensors can be left on the aircraft during its lifetime, gathering data on structural health and performance. By knowing the stress levels at thousands of locations on the aircraft, designers can more optimally design structures and reduce weight while maintaining safety", Richards explained. The net result could be a reduction in fuel costs and an increase in range.



Even in the market we can find some of the strain measurement systems such as distributing strain sensing system which helps to monitor the strain and displays the values in the screen. The typical system looks as shown.The ability to achieve real-time measures of strain at all points along the fibre enables the introduction of distributed optical fibre sensors into a range of new applications where this was not previously possible.


The work of structural engineers is reduced by these optical fibres significantly and hence much work and time could be dedicated for the analysis.this may be a welcome change and helps to focus on wing shape and design.these optical fibres not only confines its advantages towards the wing shape.its application of the technology to wind turbines could improve their performance by making their blades more efficient.

Hurricane Hunters

We frequently see,with no age bar,people gazing at the sky looking airplanes,helicopters giving them a heroic appearance .Yes,they(of course, flight crew even) deserve the treatment.We do know the benefits we experience in our daily life due to these versatile structures.but day-by-day aircrafts and their applications are extending their frontiers to a greater extent and playing a vital role in performing research and surveillance whenever necessary.i am here to explain 'just' one of them.Hoping many of them hadn't forgot the drastic effects of typical cyclone,called as hurricanes,happened on 25 august 2005.the catastrophe is named as hurricane katrina.

What is a hurricane?

Hurricanes are intense vortical storms which develop over tropical oceans.They occur in regions where the sea surface temperature exceeds 26*C.The maximum wind speeds of these cyclones exceeds 65 knots(1 knot=.5144m/s).In a hurricane the average radial distance of a hurricane force winds is about 100 km,but winds of greater strength may account to about 500 km.The inward movement of the fluid is caused due to the low surface pressure at the center upto 100mb.The region where erratic flow pattern of the wind is observed is known as eye wall and the region which it surrounds known as an eye,which is rather calm and clear


Now can you imagine yourself facing a bullet no matter how speed it is approaching?But the aircraft,with not less than 10 members aboard fly directly into the hurricane despite its dangerous features as mentioned before.They penetrate the hurricane's eye at altitudes between 500 and 10000 feet.They document the upper and lower level winds that affect the movement of the hurricanes.

Why an aircraft?

although artificial satellites are used to detect the formation of the cyclones they fail to find out the effects and the measurement of the parameters involved to describe the motion of the typhoons(as called in western pacific ocean and indian ocean).To facilitate this necessity aircraft and the crew holds the responsibility.

It's travel

The toughest challenge comes when it penetrates a hurricane eye wall with winds rising and falling between 190 to 230 knots.Severe wind speed and the possibility of being struck by lightning, hail, and heavy rain are not the only things that can threaten the safety of the crew; because the Coriolis force created by the earth’s rotation causes air currents to curve and go upward, exiting at the top of the storm, the eye wall makes the possibility of being hit by severe vertical wind shears very real.


What does it do?

Soon after it enters into the hurricane eye it drops a weather reconnaissance device which is known as dropsonde.It measures accurately pressure, temperature wind speed,wind direction and humidity inside the cyclone and relays the data to a computer in the aircraft.







As an aerodynamicist?

Broadly to speak the field of investigation is confined to meteorological or oceanographic research but still aerodynamics has created its own priority to explore the nature of the hurricanes.As stated earlier these vortical structures with high magnitudes of vorticity at the center,and greater surface friction challenges greater effort in determining the surface pressures,velocities and the motion.Modeling the flow pattern to define computationally is a challenge in current trends of numerical applications.


Despite these advantages there are cases where the aircrafts which have been flown into the great eye were lost quoting the serious danger in exploring it.Though most of the expeditions are successful,the severe effects of the happening hurricane are not known explicitly which decides the fate of the aircraft and the crew members.We must sincerely salute to the efforts of the crew members for their efforts in making things done.Finally,we are all responsible for these unwanted disasters which occur due to global warming.

links:
http://www.hurricanehunters.com/
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/aircraft.html

AERO'SPACE': UFO- Future Challenge

AERO'SPACE': UFO- Future Challenge

UFO- Future Challenge

Hi,

Welcome again,here i will give you the reasons why i have chosen this topic to discuss with you.To put it the first place,i still didn't understand the perfect reason why it is called a "unidentified" flying object as there were/are plenty of cases registered about witnessing this so called Alien space craft.As told in a book named "The Secrets of the Saucers",by Mr.Orfeo Angelussi,who witnessed the spacecraft(May 23 1952) and was told by the aliens(yes,he had a direct conversation with the aliens which he mentioned in the same book) that the design was so genuine which needs high degree of precision and control over the stability is highly difficult for the earthlings.So designing such a perfect spacecraft will definitely be a challenge.And who knows this genuine structure might become a means of transport to travel large distances and even helps to meet our relatives living in other planet in the coming centuries.wouldn't u agree with me?

How does it look like----------------------

As stated by those who had close encounter with these unique structures,these take the shape of an ellipsoid(remember the blockbuster "Independence day")spheroid,boomerang,triangle.These travel at a speed of light[1] which is quite contrast to that stated as an impossible factor by Sir. Albert Einstein,in his theory of relativity,who can be regarded as a synonym to genius.They can explode and implode at any time and changes apparently colors at any instant.

How will it work------------------------

To put this in a nut shell ,i will help you understand in a much better way. First of all how does an aircraft fly?When air is allowed to flow over the aerodynamically designed aircraft,unsymmetrical pressure distribution over the upper and lower surfaces of the aircraft(wing) produce a aerodynamic force and generate motion. In the case of a space ship,cosmic rays plays a vital role in generating the motion.It plays the role of "air" as in the case of aircraft lift.You may put me a question that after all cosmic rays does not comes under a fluid category. Of course but still these rays are a combination of high energy particles and interact strongly in electro magnetic field to generate motion

Space ships are made of highly attenuated(weaker) densities and the cosmic rays must be deviated from its core structure to sustain motion.For this they are not made of too much lead which helps cosmic rays to easily penetrate into the ship.Space ship hulls are not much more than many layers of skins made of plastic crystal substance.Some layers are positively ionized and some negative.These are insulated from each other with neutral layers between them.The approaching cosmic rays are rendered unstable by the surrounding magnetic field about the ship.upon reaching the hull they are completely shattered.This might be one of the reason behind its motion.Similar to those observed as wingtip vortices and wakes,cosmic rays produce their own magnetic wakes and vortices around the ship,which proves my comparison is to be right.

What is a mother ship----------------------

Recalling the climax of the independence day,where we see our heroes fighting with the mother ship,is the one which controls these smaller ships.The master beam from the mother ship,which can be sort out by these space ships,also helps to maintain the motion and veer in right angle turns without effecting the disk.

What is our next step towards it------------

I am not discussing this topic to make you believe the existence of the aliens or the mother ship,because i have had never witnessed them even in my dream,but definitely the design might persist.So engraving the complicated tasks in the history through our names would be a matter of our life and for that I am ready to dedicate my life.. i feel that the design yet didn't reach a nominal progress.And remember that these objects and their physical concepts defy our popular laws of physics such as Law of conservation of momentum,Newton's gravity and as mentioned before the Theory of Relativity.Though there are many organizations which focus their mirrors and reflectors to gaze at the ever expanding universe to catch the glimpse of this design,yet they couldn't find a extensive report on its existence,because of its puzzling orientation.

ready for a challenge.

REFERENCE:
THE SECRETS OF THE SAUCERS:ORFEO.M.ANGELUSSI(::FORGOTTEN BOOKS.COM)


You can start your research and develop interest by surfing through the following
LINKS:
http://www.hyper.net/ufo/overview.html
http://www.hyper.net/ufo/physics.html